Ni ukubera iki moteri ihoraho ya moteri ihinduka moteri nyamukuru?
Moteri yamashanyarazi irashobora guhindura ingufu zamashanyarazi ingufu zamashanyarazi, kandi ikohereza ingufu za mashini kumuziga binyuze muri sisitemu yo kohereza kugirango ikinyabiziga.Nimwe murwego rwibanze rwo gutwara ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu.Kugeza ubu, moteri ikoreshwa cyane mumodoka nshya yingufu ni moteri zihoraho za moteri zihoraho hamwe na moteri ya AC asinchronous.Imodoka nyinshi zingufu zikoresha moteri zihoraho za moteri.Ibigo byimodoka bihagarariye birimo BYD, Li Auto, nibindi. Imodoka zimwe zikoresha moteri ya AC idahwitse.Moteri y'amashanyarazi ihagarariye ibigo by'imodoka nka Tesla na Mercedes-Benz.
Moteri idafite imbaraga igizwe ahanini na stator ihagaze hamwe na rotor izunguruka.Iyo stator ihindagurika ihujwe n'amashanyarazi ya AC, rotor izunguruka kandi isohore ingufu.Ihame nyamukuru ni uko iyo stator ihindagurika ifite ingufu (guhinduranya amashanyarazi), bizakora umurima uzunguruka wa electromagnetiki, kandi rotor ihinduranya ni umuyoboro ufunze uhora uca imirongo ya magnetiki yinjira mumashanyarazi.Dukurikije amategeko ya Faraday, iyo umuyobozi ufunze agabanije umurongo wa magnetiki winjiza, hazabaho amashanyarazi, kandi amashanyarazi azabyara amashanyarazi.Muri iki gihe, hari imirima ibiri ya electromagnetiki: imwe ni stator electromagnetic yumurima ihujwe n’umuyaga uhinduranya, naho indi ikorwa no guca umurongo wa electromagnetic induction.Rotor electromagnetic.Dukurikije amategeko ya Lenz, umuyoboro uterwa nawo uzahora urwanya icyateye umuyaga uterwa, ni ukuvuga, gerageza kubuza abayobora kuri rotor guca imirongo yinjiza ya magnetiki yumurongo wa magneti uzunguruka.Igisubizo ni: abayobora kuri rotor "bazafata" hamwe na stator ya rotorale ya electromagnetic yumurima bivuze ko rotor yirukana umurima wa rukuruzi uzunguruka wa stator, hanyuma moteri igatangira kuzunguruka.Mugihe cyibikorwa, umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka wa rotor (n2) n'umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka wa stator (n1) ntushobora guhuza (itandukaniro ryihuta ni 2-6%).Kubwibyo, byitwa moteri ya AC idafite imbaraga.Ibinyuranye, niba umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka ari umwe, byitwa moteri ihuza.
Imashini ihoraho ya magnetique nayo ni ubwoko bwa moteri ya AC.Rotor yayo ikozwe mubyuma hamwe na magnesi zihoraho.Iyo moteri ikora, stator iba ifite imbaraga zo kubyara umurima wa magneti uzunguruka kugirango usunike rotor."Syncronisation" bivuze ko kuzunguruka kwa rotor mugihe gikora-gihamye-Umuvuduko Umuvuduko uhujwe nihuta ryizunguruka ryumurima wa magneti.Moteri ihoraho ya moteri ikora ifite imbaraga zingana-zingana, ni ntoya mubunini, yoroshye muburemere, ifite umuvuduko mwinshi, kandi ifite umuvuduko ntarengwa no gukora feri.Kubwibyo, moteri ihoraho ya moteri ya moteri yahindutse imodoka ikoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe.ya moteri y'amashanyarazi.Ariko, mugihe ibintu bya rukuruzi bihoraho bikorerwa kunyeganyega, ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nuburemere burenze urugero, imbaraga za rukuruzi zirashobora kugabanuka, cyangwa demagnetisation irashobora kubaho, bishobora kugabanya imikorere ya moteri ihoraho.Mubyongeyeho, isi idasanzwe ya magnet synchronous moteri ikoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka, kandi igiciro cyo gukora ntabwo gihamye.
Ugereranije na moteri ihoraho ya moteri ikora, moteri idafite imbaraga igomba gukuramo ingufu z'amashanyarazi kugirango zishime iyo zikora, zizatwara ingufu z'amashanyarazi kandi zigabanye imikorere ya moteri.Moteri zihoraho za moteri zihenze cyane kubera kongeramo magnesi zihoraho.
Moderi ihitamo moteri ya AC idahwitse ikunda guha umwanya wambere imikorere kandi igakoresha inyungu ziva mubikorwa nibyiza bya moteri ya AC asinchronous moteri kumuvuduko mwinshi.Icyitegererezo gihagarariwe nicyitegererezo cyambere S. Ibyingenzi: Iyo imodoka igenda kumuvuduko mwinshi, irashobora gukomeza imikorere yihuse no gukoresha neza ingufu zamashanyarazi, kugabanya gukoresha ingufu mugihe ikomeza ingufu nyinshi;
Moderi ihitamo moteri ihoraho ya moteri ikunda gushyira imbere gukoresha ingufu no gukoresha umusaruro hamwe nigikorwa cyiza cya moteri ihoraho ya moteri ihoraho kumuvuduko muke, bigatuma ibera mumodoka ntoya nini nini.Ibiranga ni bito, uburemere bworoshye, hamwe nubuzima bwa bateri.Mugihe kimwe, ifite imikorere myiza yo kugenzura umuvuduko kandi irashobora gukomeza gukora neza mugihe uhuye nibitangira inshuro nyinshi, guhagarara, kwihuta no kwihuta.
Imashini zihoraho za moteri ziganje.Dukurikije imibare yavuye mu "Ububiko bushya bw’ingufu z’inganda zikoreshwa mu kwezi" zashyizwe ahagaragara n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’inganda (GGII), ubushobozi bw’imbere mu gihugu bw’imodoka nshya zitwara ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu kuva muri Mutarama kugeza Kanama 2022 bwari hafi miliyoni 3.478, umwaka ushize -umwaka wiyongereyeho 101%.Muri byo, ubushobozi bwashyizweho bwa moteri ihoraho ya moteri ihuriweho na miriyoni 3,329, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 106%;ubushobozi bwashyizweho bwa moteri ya AC asinchronous yari miriyoni 1,295, umwaka-mwaka wiyongereyeho 22%.
Moteri zihoraho za moteri zihinduka moteri nyamukuru yo gutwara mumasoko yimodoka zitwara abagenzi.
Urebye guhitamo moteri ya moderi nyamukuru yimbere mugihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo, ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu byatangijwe na SAIC Motor yo murugo, Geely Automobile, Guangzhou Automobile, BAIC Motor, Denza Motors, nibindi byose bikoresha moteri ihoraho ya magneti.Moteri ihoraho ya moteri ikoreshwa cyane mubushinwa.Ubwa mbere, kubera ko moteri ihoraho ya moteri ikora ifite umuvuduko muke wihuse hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo guhindura ibintu, bikwiranye cyane nuburyo bugoye bwo gukora hamwe no gutangira no guhagarara mumodoka yo mumijyi.Icya kabiri, kubera neodymium fer boron ya magneti ahoraho muri moteri ihoraho ya moteri.Ibikoresho bisaba gukoresha ubutaka budasanzwe, kandi igihugu cyanjye gifite 70% byubutunzi budasanzwe ku isi, kandi umusaruro w’ibikoresho bya magnetiki NdFeB ugera kuri 80% byisi, bityo Ubushinwa bukaba bushishikajwe no gukoresha moteri zihoraho za rukuruzi.
Abanyamahanga Tesla na BMW bakoresha moteri ihoraho ya moteri hamwe na moteri ya AC idahwitse kugirango biteze imbere.Urebye imiterere yimikorere, moteri ihoraho ya magnetiki ni moteri nyamukuru ihitamo ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu.
Igiciro cyibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho bingana na 30% yikiguzi cya moteri ihoraho.Ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora moteri ihoraho ya moteri ihuza cyane cyane harimo neodymium fer boron, amabati ya silicon, umuringa na aluminium.Muri byo, ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho neodymium fer boron ikoreshwa cyane mugukora rotor ihoraho, kandi ikiguzi ni 30%;Amabati ya silicon akoreshwa cyane mugukora ibicuruzwa Igiciro cyibikoresho bya rotor ni 20%;ibiciro bigize stator ihindagurika ni 15%;ikiguzi cyibikoresho bya moteri ni 5%;n'ibiciro bigize moteri ya moteri ni 15%.
KukiOSG ihoraho ya moteri ya moteri ya screw compressorgukora neza?
Moteri ihoraho ya moteri ihuza cyane igizwe na stator, rotor hamwe nibice bigize shell.Kimwe na moteri isanzwe ya AC, stator yibanze ifite imiterere yamurikiwe kugirango igabanye gutakaza ibyuma bitewe ningaruka za eddy na hystereze mugihe moteri ikora;guhinduranya nabyo mubisanzwe ibyiciro bitatu byubatswe, ariko guhitamo ibipimo biratandukanye.Igice cya rotor gifite uburyo butandukanye, harimo na rotor ihoraho ya rotor hamwe nigitereko gitangira, hamwe ninjizwamo cyangwa hejuru yubuso bwa rukuruzi ihoraho.Intungamubiri ya rotor irashobora gukorwa muburyo bukomeye cyangwa kumurika.Rotor ifite ibikoresho bya magneti bihoraho, bikunze kwitwa magnet.
Mubikorwa bisanzwe bya moteri ihoraho ya magneti, rotor na stator magnetiki imirima biri muburyo bumwe.Nta mashanyarazi yatewe mugice cya rotor, kandi nta gutakaza umuringa wa rotor, hystereze, cyangwa igihombo cya eddy.Ntibikenewe ko dusuzuma ikibazo cyo gutakaza rotor no gushyushya.Mubisanzwe, moteri ihoraho ya moteri ikoreshwa na moteri yihariye ihindura kandi mubisanzwe ifite imikorere yoroshye yo gutangira.Mubyongeyeho, moteri ihoraho ya moteri ni moteri ihuza, ifite ibiranga guhindura ibintu byimbaraga binyuze muburemere bwibyishimo, bityo rero imbaraga zishobora gushushanywa kubiciro byagenwe.
Duhereye ku ntangiriro, bitewe nuko moteri ya rukuruzi ihoraho itangizwa numuyoboro uhindagurika wamashanyarazi cyangwa inverter ishigikira, inzira yo gutangira moteri ya magneti ihoraho iroroshye cyane;birasa no gutangira moteri ihindagurika ya moteri, kandi ikirinda inenge yo gutangira ya cage isanzwe idafite moteri.
Muri make, imikorere nimbaraga za moteri zihoraho zishobora kugera hejuru cyane, imiterere iroroshye cyane, kandi isoko ryashyushye cyane mumyaka icumi ishize.
Ariko, gutakaza kunanirwa kwishima nikibazo kitakwirindwa mumoteri ihoraho.Iyo umuyaga ari munini cyane cyangwa ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, ubushyuhe bwa moteri ya moteri izamuka ako kanya, umuyaga uziyongera cyane, kandi magnesi zihoraho zizabura vuba umunezero.Mugenzuzi wa moteri ihoraho, igikoresho cyo gukingira kirenze urugero cyashyizweho kugirango hirindwe ikibazo cyumuvuduko wa moteri ya moteri itwikwa, ariko byanze bikunze gutakaza umunezero no guhagarika ibikoresho byanze bikunze.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-12-2023
