Ibikoresho bikomoka mu kirere ni iki?Ni ibihe bikoresho bihari?

Ibikoresho bikomoka mu kirere ni iki?Ni ibihe bikoresho bihari?

Ibikoresho bituruka mu kirere nigikoresho kibyara umwuka wugarije - compressor de air (compressor de air).Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa compressor de air, ibisanzwe ni ubwoko bwa piston, ubwoko bwa centrifugal, ubwoko bwa screw, ubwoko bwa kunyerera, ubwoko bwizingo nibindi.
Umwuka uhumeka uva muri compressor de air irimo ibintu byinshi bihumanya nkubushuhe, amavuta n ivumbi.Ibikoresho byo kweza bigomba gukoreshwa kugirango bikureho neza ibyo bihumanya kugirango birinde kubangamira imikorere isanzwe ya sisitemu yumusonga.

Ibikoresho byo kweza ikirere ni ijambo rusange kubikoresho byinshi nibikoresho.Ibikoresho byo kweza ikirere nabyo bikunze kwitwa ibikoresho nyuma yo gutunganya inganda, mubisanzwe bivuga ibigega bibika gaze, ibyuma, akayunguruzo, nibindi.
Tank Ikigega cy'indege
Igikorwa cyikigega cyo kubika gaze ni ugukuraho umuvuduko ukabije, gushingira ku kwaguka kwa adiabatic no gukonjesha bisanzwe kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe, kurushaho gutandukanya ubushuhe n’amavuta mu kirere cyafunzwe, no kubika gaze runaka.Ku ruhande rumwe, irashobora kugabanya kwivuguruza ko gukoresha ikirere biruta ubwinshi bw’imyuka isohoka ya compressor de air mu gihe gito.Ku rundi ruhande, irashobora gukomeza gutanga ikirere mu gihe gito iyo compressor yo mu kirere yananiwe cyangwa amashanyarazi akaba yarahagaritswe, kugira ngo umutekano w’ibikoresho byangiza.

●Umuyaga

Umuyaga wumye, nkuko izina ribivuga, ni ubwoko bwibikoresho byo kuvana amazi kumyuka ifunze.Hano haribintu bibiri bikunze gukoreshwa byumye hamwe na adsorption yumye, kimwe na deliquescent yumye hamwe na polymer membrane.Amashanyarazi akonjesha ni ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane bigabanya umwuma wo guhumeka ikirere, kandi mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugihe hamwe nibisabwa byubuziranenge bwikirere.Amashanyarazi akonjesha akoresha ibiranga ko igice cyumuvuduko wumwuka wumwuka wumuyaga uhumeka ugenwa nubushyuhe bwumwuka uhumeka kugirango ukore ubukonje, umwuma no gukama.Amashanyarazi akonjesha akonje akunze kwitwa "firigo" mu nganda.Igikorwa cyacyo nyamukuru ni ukugabanya amazi mu kirere gifunitse, ni ukuvuga kugabanya “ubushyuhe bwikime” bwumwuka uhumeka.Muri rusange inganda zikomatanyirijwe mu kirere, ni kimwe mu bikoresho nkenerwa byo guhumeka ikirere no guhumanura (bizwi kandi nyuma yo gutunganywa).

Ihame shingiro

Umwuka uhumanye urashobora kugera ku ntego yo gukuraho imyuka y'amazi ukoresheje igitutu, gukonjesha, adsorption n'ubundi buryo.Gukonjesha gukonjesha nuburyo bwo gukonjesha.Turabizi ko umwuka uhagarikwa na compressor de air irimo imyuka itandukanye hamwe numwuka wamazi, kubwibyo rero ni umwuka wuzuye.Ubushuhe bwumuyaga mwinshi muri rusange buringaniye nigitutu, ni ukuvuga ko umuvuduko mwinshi, nubushuhe buke.Nyuma yumuvuduko wumwuka wiyongereye, imyuka yamazi yo mu kirere irenze ibirimo byose izahurira mu mazi (bivuze ko ubwinshi bwumwuka uhumeka uba muto kandi ntibushobora gufata umwuka wumwimerere).

Ibi bivuze ko ugereranije numwuka wabanje guhumeka, ibirimo ubuhehere biba bito (hano bivuga kugaruka kwiki gice cyumwuka uhumeka kuri reta idahwitse).

Nyamara, umunaniro wa compressor de air iracyafite umwuka ucogora, kandi ibirimo imyuka yamazi iri ku giciro kinini gishoboka, ni ukuvuga ko iri mubihe bikomeye bya gaze namazi.Umwuka ucanye muri iki gihe witwa leta yuzuye, bityo mugihe cyose kotswa igitutu gake, umwuka wamazi uzahita uhinduka uva mumyuka ya gaze ugahinduka amazi, ni ukuvuga amazi azaba yegeranye.

Dufashe ko umwuka ari sponge itose yakuyemo amazi, ibiyikubiyemo ni amazi yakiriwe.Niba amazi amwe yakuwe muri sponge ku ngufu, noneho ubuhehere buri muri sponge buragabanuka.Niba uretse sponge igakira, mubisanzwe bizaba byumye kuruta sponge yumwimerere.Ibi kandi bigera ku ntego yo gukuraho amazi no gukama ukoresheje igitutu.
Niba nta zindi mbaraga zimaze kugera ku mbaraga runaka mugihe cyo kunyunyuza sponge, amazi azareka gusohoka, aribwo leta yuzuye.Komeza kongera imbaraga zo gukanda, kandi haracyari amazi asohoka.

Kubwibyo, umubiri woguhumeka ikirere ubwacyo gifite umurimo wo gukuraho amazi, kandi uburyo bwakoreshejwe nugukanda, ariko ntabwo arintego ya compressor de air, ahubwo ni umutwaro "mubi".

Kuki "igitutu" kidakoreshwa nk'uburyo bwo kuvana amazi mu mwuka uhumanye?Ibi ahanini biterwa nubukungu, kongera umuvuduko kuri kg 1.Gukoresha hafi 7% yo gukoresha ingufu ntabwo ari ubukungu.

Kuvomera amazi "gukonjesha" birasa nubukungu, kandi icyuma gikonjesha gikoresha ihame rimwe noguhumanya ikirere kugirango ugere kuntego.Kuberako ubwinshi bwumwuka wumwuka wamazi ufite aho ugarukira, mumuvuduko windege (2MPa), dushobora gutekereza ko ubwinshi bwumwuka wumwuka wumwuka mwuka wuzuye biterwa nubushyuhe gusa kandi ntaho bihuriye numuvuduko wumwuka.

Ubushyuhe buri hejuru, niko ubwinshi bwumwuka wumwuka wumwuka mwuka wuzuye, namazi menshi azaba menshi.Ibinyuranye nibyo, ubushyuhe buke, amazi make (ibi birashobora kumvikana mubitekerezo bisanzwe mubuzima, imbeho iruma nubukonje, icyi kirashyushye nubushuhe).

Gira ubukonje bwumuyaga kugeza ku bushyuhe buke bushoboka kugirango ugabanye ubwinshi bwumwuka wumwuka wamazi urimo kandi ugakora "condensation", gukusanya ibitonyanga bito byamazi byakozwe na kondegene hanyuma ubirekure, kugirango ugere ku ntego yo gukuraho ubushuhe mu kirere gikonje.

Kuberako bikubiyemo inzira yo kwegeranya no guhurira mumazi, ubushyuhe ntibushobora kuba munsi y "ahantu hakonje", bitabaye ibyo ibintu byo gukonjesha ntibizakuraho amazi neza.Mubisanzwe "nomero yubushyuhe bwikigereranyo" cyumuyaga ukonje ni 2 ~ 10 ° C.

Kurugero, "ikime cyumuvuduko" kuri 10 ° C ya 0.7MPa ihinduka "ikime cyumuvuduko wikirere" kugeza kuri -16 ° C.Birashobora kumvikana ko iyo bikoreshejwe mubidukikije bitari munsi ya -16 ° C, ntamazi azabaho mugihe umwuka ucogoye urangiye mukirere.

Uburyo bwose bwo kuvanaho amazi yumuyaga uhumanye birumye gusa, byujuje urwego runaka rwumye.Ntibishoboka gukuraho rwose ubuhehere, kandi ntibishoboka cyane gukurikirana umwuma urenze ibisabwa.
Ihame ryakazi

Icyuma gikonjesha gikonjesha gikonjesha gikonjesha umwuka wafunitse kugirango uhuze umwuka wumwuka mwuka uhumeka mu bitonyanga byamazi, kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kugabanya ubushuhe bwumwuka uhumeka.
Ibitonyanga byegeranye bisohoka muri mashini binyuze muri sisitemu yo gutemba byikora.Igihe cyose ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bwumuyoboro wamanutse ugana kumasoko yumye ntabwo uri munsi yubushyuhe bwikime kumasoko ya moteri, kondegene ya kabiri ntizabaho.

3 akazi

Uburyo bwo guhumeka ikirere:
Umwuka ucometse winjira mu guhinduranya ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere (preheater) [1], ubanza kugabanya ubushyuhe bwumuyaga mwinshi ugabanijwe, hanyuma ukinjira mu cyuma gishyushya ubushyuhe bwa Freon / air (evaporator) [2], aho umwuka wugarijwe ukonjeshwa; byihuse cyane, Hasi cyane ubushyuhe kugeza ku bushyuhe bwikime, kandi amazi yatandukanijwe hamwe numwuka uhumanye bitandukanijwe mugutandukanya amazi [3], kandi amazi yatandukanijwe asohoka mumashini nigikoresho cyogukoresha amazi.

Umwuka ucanye hamwe na firigo yo hasi yubushyuhe bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe mumashanyarazi [2].Muri iki gihe, ubushyuhe bwumwuka wafunitse ni muto cyane, ugereranije nubushyuhe bwikime bwa 2 ~ 10 ° C.Niba nta cyifuzo kidasanzwe (ni ukuvuga, nta bushyuhe buke busabwa kugirango umwuka uhumekewe), mubisanzwe umwuka ucogora uzasubira mubyahinduwe nubushyuhe bwo mu kirere (preheater) icyuma gikonje.Intego yo gukora ibi:

Koresha neza "gukonjesha imyanda" yumuyaga wumye kugirango ubanze ukonje umuyaga mwinshi wogosha winjiye mumashanyarazi akonje, kugirango ugabanye ubukonje bwa firigo ikonje;

Irinde ibibazo bya kabiri nka kondegene, gutonyanga, hamwe n'ingese hanze yumuyoboro winyuma winyuma uterwa numwuka wumuyaga wumuyaga wumye.

Igikorwa cyo gukonjesha:

Firigo ya firigo yinjira muri compressor [4], hanyuma nyuma yo kwikuramo, umuvuduko uriyongera (kandi ubushyuhe nabwo buriyongera), kandi iyo ari hejuru gato gato yumuvuduko uri muri kondenseri, imyuka ya firigo yumuvuduko mwinshi isohoka muri kondenseri [6 ].Muri kondenseri, imyuka ya firigo ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe n’umuvuduko uhinduranya ubushyuhe n’umwuka ku bushyuhe buke (gukonjesha ikirere) cyangwa amazi akonje (gukonjesha amazi), bityo ugahuza firigo Freon mu mazi.

Muri iki gihe, firigo ya firigo yinjira muri Freon / air ubushyuhe bwo guhinduranya ikirere (evaporator) .Ikintu kigomba gukonjeshwa - umwuka wafunzwe urakonjeshwa, kandi imyuka ya firigo ikonjesha ikamwa na compressor kugirango itangire ukwezi gutaha.

Firigo irangiza uruziga binyuze muburyo bune bwo kwikuramo, kwegeranya, kwaguka (guterana), no guhumeka muri sisitemu.Binyuze mu cyuma gikonjesha gikomeza, intego yo gukonjesha umwuka wugarijwe iragerwaho.
4 Imikorere ya buri kintu
guhinduranya ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere
Mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko amazi yegeranye atagaragara ku rukuta rwo hanze rw’umuyoboro wo hanze, umwuka wumye wumye uva mu kirere kandi ukongera ugahana ubushyuhe hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubushyuhe n’ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere bihinduranya ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere.Muri icyo gihe, ubushyuhe bwumwuka winjira mumashanyarazi buragabanuka cyane.

guhana ubushyuhe
Firigo ikurura ubushyuhe kandi ikaguka mumashanyarazi, igahinduka ikava mumazi igahinduka leta ya gaze, kandi umwuka wugarijwe ukonjeshwa no guhanahana ubushyuhe, kuburyo imyuka y'amazi mumyuka ihindagurika ihinduka kuva muri gaze ikajya mumazi.

gutandukanya amazi
Amazi yimvura yaguye yatandukanijwe numwuka ugabanijwe mumazi atandukanya amazi.Iyo urwego rwo hejuru rwitandukanyirizo rwamazi atandukanya amazi, niko umubare muto wamazi yamazi yongeye guhindagurika mumyuka yugarijwe, kandi nigabanuka ryikime cyumuvuduko wumwuka uhumeka.

compressor
Firigo ya gaze yinjira muri compressor ya firigo hanyuma igahagarikwa kugirango ibe ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, umuvuduko ukabije wa gaze ya firigo.

bypass valve
Niba ubushyuhe bwamazi yimvura yagabanutse munsi yubukonje, urubura rwegeranye ruzatera urubura.Umuyoboro wa bypass urashobora kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa firigo no kugenzura ikime cyumuvuduko wubushyuhe buhamye (hagati ya 1 na 6 ° C)

condenser

Kondenseri igabanya ubushyuhe bwa firigo, kandi firigo ihinduka kuva mubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa gaze ya gazi igahinduka ubushyuhe buke.

muyunguruzi
Akayunguruzo gashungura neza umwanda wa firigo.

Capillary / Kwagura Agaciro
Firigo imaze kunyura muri capillary tube / kwaguka valve, ingano yayo iraguka, ubushyuhe bwayo buragabanuka, kandi ihinduka ubushyuhe buke, bwumuvuduko ukabije.

Gutandukanya gaz-amazi
Kubera ko firigo ya firigo yinjira muri compressor bizatera ihungabana ryamazi, rishobora kwangiza compressor ya firigo, icyuma gitandukanya gaze-firigo yemeza ko firigo ya gaze yonyine ishobora kwinjira muri compressor ya firigo.

imiyoboro yikora
Imiyoboro yikora itwara amazi yamazi yegeranijwe hepfo yumutandukanya hanze yimashini mugihe gisanzwe.

akuma

Firigo ikonjesha ifite ibyiza byuburyo bworoshye, gukoresha neza no kubungabunga, hamwe nigiciro gito cyo kubungabunga.Irakwiriye mubihe aho ubushyuhe bwikime bwikigereranyo cyumuyaga uhumeka utaba muke cyane (hejuru ya 0 ° C).
Amashanyarazi ya adsorption akoresha desiccant kugirango yanduze kandi yumishe umwuka wugarije uhatirwa kunyuramo.Amashanyarazi ya adsorption yumye akoreshwa buri munsi.
Akayunguruzo
Akayunguruzo kagabanijwemo ibice byingenzi byungurura imiyoboro, gutandukanya gaz-amazi, gushungura karubone deodorisiyoneri ikora, kuyungurura amashyanyarazi, nibindi, kandi imirimo yabo ni ugukuraho amavuta, ivumbi, ubushuhe nibindi byanduye mwikirere kugirango babone umwuka uhumanye.Umwuka.